Aluminiyamu (Al) ndi chitsulo chosakhala ndi chitsulo chomwe mankhwala ake amapezeka paliponse.Zida za aluminiyamu mu tectonics za mbale zimakhala pafupifupi matani 40-50 biliyoni, zomwe zimakhala zachitatu pambuyo pa mpweya ndi silicon.Ndilo mtundu wachitsulo wapamwamba kwambiri mumtundu wazinthu zachitsulo.Aluminiyamu ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera achilengedwe ndi ma physicochemical, omwe si opepuka kokha, komanso amphamvu pazinthu.Ilinso ndi pulasitiki yabwino.Madulidwe amagetsi, kutengera kutentha, kukana kutentha ndi kukana kwa radiation ndizofunika kwambiri pakupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha anthu komanso chuma.
Aluminiyamu ndiye chinthu chamankhwala chochuluka kwambiri padziko lapansi, ndipo zomwe zili m'gulu lake ndizoyamba pakati pa zida zachitsulo.Sizinali mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 19 pamene aluminiyamu inakhala mpikisano wazitsulo zazitsulo zama projekiti a uinjiniya, ndipo idakhala yapamwamba kwakanthawi.Kupita patsogolo kwa maunyolo atatu ofunikira amakampani oyendetsa ndege, uinjiniya ndi zomangamanga, ndi magalimoto kumafuna kuti aluminiyamu ndi alloys azisiyana, zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zatsopanozi.
Aluminiyamu ndodo ndi mtundu wa aluminiyamu zitsulo.Kusungunula ndodo za aluminiyamu kumaphatikizapo kusungunula, kuyeretsa, kuchotsa zonyansa, kuchotsa mpweya, kuchotsa slag ndi njira zopangira.Malinga ndi mankhwala omwe ali mu ndodo za aluminiyamu, ndodo za aluminiyamu zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu 8.
Malinga ndi mankhwala omwe ali mu ndodo za aluminiyamu, ndodo za aluminiyamu zitha kugawidwa m'magulu 8, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'magulu 9:
1.1000 mndandanda ndodo zotayidwa kuimira 1050.1060.1100 mndandanda.Pakati pazinthu zonse zotsatizana, mndandanda wa 1000 ndi wa mndandanda womwe uli ndi aluminiyumu yayikulu kwambiri.Kuyera kumatha kufika kuposa 99.00%.Chifukwa palibe zinthu zina zaukadaulo, njira yopangira ndi yosavuta komanso mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo.Ndiwo mndandanda wazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale azikhalidwe pakadali pano.Kuchuluka kwakuyenda pamsika wogulitsa ndi mndandanda wa 1050 ndi 1060.1000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu ndodo zimatsimikizira zocheperako zokhala ndi aluminiyumu pazotsatira izi potengera mawerengedwe awiri omaliza.Mwachitsanzo, 2 zomaliza zowerengera zamtundu wa 1050 ndi 50. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe amtundu wapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe aluminiyumu ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 99.5%.Mafotokozedwe amtundu wa aluminiyamu waku China (GB/T3880-2006) amafotokozanso momveka bwino kuti 1050 zotayidwa ziyenera kukhala 99.5%.Momwemonso, zotayidwa za aluminiyamu zazitsulo zamtundu wa 1060 ziyenera kukhala pamwamba pa 99,6%.
2.2000 mndandanda ndodo zotayidwa kuimira 2A16 (16) .2A02 (6).2000 mndandanda ndodo zotayidwa ndi mphamvu mkulu ndi yaikulu mkuwa zili, za 3-5%.2000 mndandanda ndodo zotayidwa ndi aviation zotayidwa, amene si wamba kupanga mafakitale chikhalidwe.
2024 ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi chitsulo cha kaboni muzinthu za aluminiyamu-mkuwa-magnesium.Ndi njira yopangira kutentha kwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri, kupanga kosavuta ndi kukonza, kudula kosavuta kwa laser ndi kukana dzimbiri.
Zomwe zimapangidwira zitsulo za aluminiyamu za 2024 zimakhala bwino kwambiri pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha (T3, T4, T351).Magawo a boma la T3 ali motere: mphamvu yopondereza 470MPa, mphamvu yokhazikika 0.2% 325MPa, elongation: 10%, kutopa malire 105MPa, mphamvu 120HB.
Kukula kwakugwiritsa ntchito ndodo za aluminium 2024: kapangidwe ka ndege.Maboti.Ma gudumu onyamula katundu.Zida zopangira ndege ndi mbali zina.
3.3000 mndandanda mankhwala zotayidwa ndodo kiyi woimira 3003.3A21.M'dziko langa, kupanga ndodo za aluminiyamu zamagulu 3000 ndizopamwamba kwambiri.Ndodo za aluminiyamu za mndandanda wa 3000 zimapangidwa makamaka ndi manganese.Zomwe zili pakati pa 1.0-1.5, zomwe ndi mndandanda wa mankhwala odana ndi dzimbiri.
4. Mitundu 4000 yazitsulo za aluminiyamu zimayimira 4A014000 mndandanda wazitsulo za aluminiyamu, zomwe zimakhala zamtundu wazinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi silicon yambiri.Nthawi zambiri silicon zili pakati pa 4.5-6.0%.Zopangidwa ndi zokongoletsera zomangira, zida zamakina, zopangira zopangira, zida zowotcherera;malo osungunuka otsika, kukana bwino kwa dzimbiri, malongosoledwe azinthu: kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kuvala.
Mitundu ya aluminiyamu ya 5.5000 imayimira mndandanda wa 5052.5005.5083.5A05.5000 mndandanda ndodo zotayidwa ndi wamba aloyi zotayidwa ndodo mndandanda mankhwala, chinthu chachikulu ndi magnesium, ndi magnesium zili pakati 3-5%.Amatchedwanso aluminium-magnesium alloy.Maonekedwe ake akuluakulu ndi otsika kachulukidwe wachibale, mphamvu yopondereza kwambiri komanso elongation yayikulu.M'dera lomwelo, kulemera kwa aluminium-magnesium alloys ndi kakang'ono kusiyana ndi mndandanda wazinthu zina, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale achikhalidwe.China 5000 mndandanda aluminiyamu ndodo ndi wathunthu zotayidwa ndodo mndandanda mankhwala.
6.6000 mndandanda ndodo zotayidwa kuimira 6061.6063 kiyi ndi zinthu ziwiri za magnesium ndi pakachitsulo, amene limafotokoza ubwino 4000 mankhwala mndandanda ndi 5000 mndandanda.6061 ndi aluminiyamu yamphamvu yoziziritsa kuzizira yokhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakukana dzimbiri komanso kuchepetsa.Zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zokutira zosavuta, komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino.
6061 aluminiyamu mbale ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu compressive.Zomangamanga zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale, monga kupanga magalimoto, kumanga nsanja, zombo, ma tramu, mipando, zida zamakina, makina olondola, etc.
6063 aluminiyamu mbale.Zomangamanga ndi zomangamanga aluminiyamu mbiri (mndandanda uwu wa mankhwala makamaka ntchito zotayidwa mazenera aloyi ndi zitseko), mipope ulimi wothirira ndi magalimoto.Misonkhano nsanja.Mipando.Guardrails ndi zina extrusion zopangira.
7.7000 mndandanda wa aluminiyamu ndodo zimayimira 7075 chitsulo chachikulu.Komanso imagwera pansi pa Airline banja la mankhwala.Ndi aluminiyamu, magnesium, nthaka, aloyi yamkuwa, aloyi yochizira kutentha ndi aloyi wapamwamba kwambiri wachitsulo.Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kovala.Ambiri aiwo ndi ochokera kunja, ndipo njira zopangira m'dziko lathu ziyenera kukonzedwa.
8. 8000 mndandanda wazitsulo zotayidwa ndizofala kwambiri, 8011 ndi zazinthu zina zotsatizana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa platinamu, ndipo kupanga ndodo za aluminiyumu sikofala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-23-2022